UNESP Journal of Legal Studies

EDITORIAL

2025-06-06T12:29:56-03:00

¿DERECHISMO POR IMITACIÓN?

2025-04-04T19:04:59-03:00

En el presente artículo nos proponemos analizar el rol que ha cobrado durante los últimos años la Conferencia de Acción Política Conservadora, el mayor foro y plataforma de encuentro para las diferentes expresiones de la derecha estadounidense, en América Latina. Como hipótesis de trabajo, proponemos pensar el proceso de trasnancionalización de la CPAC en el marco de la consolidación hemisférica de la ultraderecha, y en la conformación de un nuevo discurso de derecha radical que inserta preocupaciones políticas que van más allá de las fronteras nacionales y que obligan a buscar puntos de contacto entre las diferentes expresiones locales de la derecha política. Por último, nos proponemos analizar el rol de trumpismo, tanto como fenómeno estadounidense y como ideología derechista global, para analizar cuál es el lugar de la actual expresión de la derecha radical estadounidense en la ultraderecha latinoamericana. Para eso el artículo se propone analizar, primero, el proceso de radicalización política de la derecha estadounidense dentro de la CPAC en los Estados Unidos, para luego analizar los eventos organizados en América Latina.

THE STUDY OF ADO 26/DF AND MI 4733 IN THE FEDERAL SUPREME COURT AND THE CRIMINALIZATION OF TRANSPHOBIA

2024-09-23T22:13:03-03:00

The development of this research was due to the political scenario recently experienced in Brazil, of distrust of institutions, in which discussions between the limits of action of the Three Powers once again gained prominence. The time was marked by the judgment of the Direct Action of Unconstitutionality by Omission (ADO) 26 and the Writ of Injunction (MI) 4733, which aimed to criminalize conduct by the Judiciary due to the lack of protection for constitutional principles, such as equality. Given this, the research seeks to answer the following question: How did the Court position itself, under the dilemma between the Separation of Powers and the democratic deficit of judicial review, in the judgment of ADO 26 and MI 4733 for the criminalization of homophobic and transphobic practices? The hypothesis is that the Federal Supreme Court justices adopt a material conception of the concept of democracy, and use the method of constitutional interpretation to avoid criticism of the violation of the Principle of Separation of Powers by the Judiciary. In order to confirm (or not) the hypothesis, the work was carried out through descriptive and qualitative documentary research, comparing the bibliography developed in the area and using the analytical method applied to reading the research problem.

he object of this research is to analyze the limits of the judiciary's action as an agent in the creation of legal norms that typify conduct within the scope of criminal law, through constitutional actions in the face of the normative absence and inaction of the Legislative Power within constitutional democracies, in particular in the Brazilian case, through the action of the STF in ADO 26/DF and in MI 4733 in the judgment of transphobia against the LGBTQIA+ community. The work was developed through descriptive and qualitative documentary research, compared to the bibliography developed in the area, the method was analytical applied to the reading of the problem object of the research.

DIFFICULT CHANGE OF POWER IN FRENCH-SPEAKING SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA OR ACCULTURATION OF DEMOCRATIC PRINCIPLES?

2025-03-27T19:46:56-03:00

This work sheds light on the ups and downs of electoral democracy in Francophone Black Africa. The establishment of democracy in the region faces difficulties of alternation in power even though they have included multi-party politics in their electoral system and adhered to international organizations that demand democracy in all Member States, highlighting it as a standard. The state authorities that should strive for the realization of the liberal democracy to which these states have committed have unfortunately, set out to politicize the institutions to remain in power. This leads one to believe that the difficulty of adapting these countries to democratic principles is due to their acculturation. It should be noted that these States, thanks to their predisposition to be democratic, have been able to incorporate these principles perfectly into their domestic legal systems and to create institutions for their effectiveness. Undoubtedly, this effective democracy so necessary in these countries can be achieved through the raising of awareness and strengthening of national and international institutions for their safeguarding.

FREEDOM UNDER THE RULE OF LAW

2024-10-02T10:35:46-03:00

The paper aims to answer the question: if The Rule of Law means that Law rules, and not men, what entitles Law to rule? It is argued that reciprocity is a basic Rule of Law requirement and that its observance guarantees a specific form of freedom. To defend and explain that thesis, a general concept of social freedom is adopted, from which two evaluative standards follow: the functional standard and the liberal justification standard. The connection Fredrich Hayek posits between freedom and the Rule of Law is thus assessed and criticized for (a) not conceiving citizens as agents endowed with an inviolability that deserves respect; (b) not being apt to examine violations of liberty that a theory of The Rule of Law must consider. As an alternative, the moral importance of being entitled to claim rights before an adjudicative body is properly considered. A conception of The Rule of Law centered on forums of public deliberation in which the moral agency of every citizen is recognized comes as a result. Accordingly, the foundation of The Rule of Law is the reciprocity of public justification characteristic of debates about rights.

CRITICAL THEORY OF HUMAN RIGHTS

2024-05-28T20:15:38-03:00

The legal issue is increasingly highlighted in academic studies and court jurisprudence, especially within the scope of the Federal Court of Justice, as the Court's decisions have a significant impact on social labor relations and the material reality of society as a whole. The main objective of this article is to consider the Federal Court of Justice jurisprudence, involving the theme of labor relations, based on the postulates of the critical theory of human rights. To achieve this, methodologically, the present study proposed to use bibliographical research and judicial decisions of the Federal Court of Justice, through an analysis of labor legislation in comparison with the foundations adopted in the judgments. The results obtained, among others, indicate that although the dignity of the person and the social value of work are vital standards for the functioning of the democratic State of rights, in labor matters, the jurisprudence of the Federal Court of Justice, in most cases, has been judging conflicts from a logical and legal perspective of a more neoliberal nature, using the principles of economic freedom, free initiative and autonomy of will as the foundations of its decisions.

THE LEGAL PROTECTION OF CONSUMER TIME AND ITS CHALLENGES:

2024-10-29T13:38:24-03:00

A responsabilidade civil sofreu uma redefinição de seus paradigmas, passando-se a discutir a possibilidade de tutela jurídica do tempo do consumidor. Embora a tese conte com grande aceitação doutrinária, ainda remanesce, no âmbito jurisprudencial, uma tensão entre o “mero aborrecimento” e as compensações pleiteadas. Assim, o presente trabalho partiu de uma análise dos acórdãos do TJ-RS no ano de 2024 com menção às expressões “desvio produtivo” e “consumidor”, a fim de compreender esses desafios. A partir disso, questionam-se: quais são as perspectivas e as possibilidades de equacionamento desses desafios? Utilizou-se o método de abordagem dialético, partindo da dialeticidade entre tempo e direito, perpassando a análise jurisprudencial, até chegar à discussão central. Empregaram-se os métodos de procedimento histórico e comparativo e as técnicas de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. O trabalho foi dividido em três seções. Inicialmente, apresenta-se uma contextualização a respeito da tutela jurídica do tempo. Na sequência, apresentam-se os dados da análise jurisprudencial. Ao final, discutem-se as perspectivas de equacionamento dos desafios. Concluiu-se que é preciso repensar o eixo de análise da responsabilização civil, de modo a incluir a análise da desídia do fornecedor, à luz da boa-fé objetiva e de seus deveres anexos, a fim de mitigar as dificuldades probatórias. Além disso, apontou-se a relevância de ampliação da tutela jurídica do tempo para outras áreas, viabilizando possíveis diálogos de fontes. Por fim, mencionaram-se a administrativização da tutela do tempo do consumidor e o processo coletivo, inclusive por meio de decisões estruturais, como forma de evitar a hiperjudicialização.

CREDIT MARKET AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN BRAZIL (1917-2002)

2024-11-26T20:47:56-03:00

The paper problematizes the difficulties of imposing a pre-fixed interest rate when faced with a market economy; however, the Government's regulatory role in this credit market is also relevant, to prevent the concentration of capital and promote economic development. Thus, one of the great dilemmas after the 1988 Constitution was the issue of regulating the credit market in the country, considering the revoked article 192, paragraph 3 of the Magna Carta, which limited real interest to 1% per month. The legal uproar reached the Federal Supreme Court which, in a peculiar decision on the economic analysis of the law, determined the need for a complementary law to regulate it. Soon after, Constitutional Amendment no. 40/2003, removing it from the constitutional text. Currently, interest must comply with the Consumer Protection Code (Law 8,078/1990), adapting to the average rates practiced by the market in each type of contract, leaving abusive non-compliant rates. Thus, using the deductive and historiographical method, through primary legislative and jurisprudential sources, the period 1917 to 2002 is researched, from the edition of the Civil Code of 1997 to the Civil Code of 2002, passing through Decree nº 22.623/33; Law 4,595/64; the 1988 Federal Constitution; and the 1990’Consumer Protection Code. The research concludes that government policies have historically manipulated interest rates as a regulatory factor in the credit market, one of the main elements in the development of Brazilian economic policy.

O SILENCIAMENTO DAS MULHERES POLICIAIS

2024-11-04T09:33:35-03:00

This article seeks to investigate sexual harassment in the Brazilian Military Police. Quantitative and qualitative research was used as a method, analyzing requests made via the Access to Information Law to the Military Police Ombudsman's Offices in all Brazilian states, in order to identify ways of tackling this structural problem, as well as to investigate to what extent the underreporting of records of this criminal practice affects the safety of female military police officers and, consequently, the selective action of the Military Justice system, reflecting sociologically on power relations in the light of Michael Foucault's theory. Finally, the article aims to promote reflection in order to identify ways in which the Military Police can combat and prevent sexual harassment within the barracks.

O LADO OCULTO DO CONSTITUCIONALISMO BRASILEIRO

2024-08-20T16:55:27-03:00

O presente estudo vislumbra uma lacuna nas relações entre poder executivo e poder legislativo na história do constitucionalismo brasileiro: o povo. A partir de um recorte histórico que compreende o início do período republicano até os dias atuais, identifica-se que a preocupação das elites políticas brasileiras sempre apontou no sentido de criar mecanismos institucionais de exclusão das minorias dos espaços de poder. A consolidação de um regime democrático é relegada a um segundo plano em nome de um modelo de controle social e político. Ao cabo, constata-se que mesmo após a redemocratização, apesar do protagonismo da “questão social” na Constituição Federal de 1988, o déficit de representação das minorias nas instituições políticas ainda constitui um obstáculo à consolidação da democracia no Brasil. Adota-se como metodologia a revisão bibliográfica de algumas obras que tratam sobre o tema proposto, com técnica de pesquisa qualitativa.

ABANDONO DIGITAL

2024-06-24T18:07:36-03:00

This article discusses how digital abandonment has become a problem, as access to the internet has become commonplace in the 21st century and is present in people's daily lives. The method used in this study is bibliographical and exploratory, and seeks to bring a dialog between the consequences of this negligence and the laws that ensure the rights of children and adolescents in Brazil. Among the findings was an increase in digital abandonment following the Coronavirus pandemic, showing the importance of healthy use of digital technologies and measures to ensure that they are enjoyed without putting children and adolescents at risk. In this respect, sex education is an important ally in preventing this phenomenon.